Fig. 1

A conceptual framework of relationships and priorities in infection prevention and control for sustainable health and environmental systems. Legend: We highlight three key IPC programme priorities for sustainable health and environmental systems, and these are 1 Strengthen the evidence base—invest in high-quality mixed-method research and surveillance to evaluate IPC programmes. 2 Measure and mitigate environmental impacts—invest in systems and research to measure and mitigate the environmental impacts of IPC practices. 3 Harness the power of human behaviour—invest in the health workforce to create an enabling environment for IPC programmes that are evidence-based, people-centred, and adhere to the principles of sustainability. Acronyms: AMR, antimicrobial resistance; IPC, infection prevention and control; SDGs, sustainable development goals; UN, United Nations; water sanitation and hygiene (WASH)